Commonly described as salinespots, alkali ground, sourground or saltland, soil salinity and sodicity problems are on the rise throughout north dakota. Effects of salinity and sodicity on plant growth annual. Pdf salinity management for irrigation with salinesodic. Irrigation management strategies for improved salinity and sodicity. Salinity and sodicity drastically reduce agricultural crop yields, damage farm. Salinity generally occurs in arid and semiarid regions. The effects of salinity and sodicity on the soil microbial biomass smb and soil respiration were assessed over 12weeks under controlled conditions by subjecting disturbed soil samples. Excess soluble salts in the root zone reduce plant growth through either osmotic stress or specific ion toxicities. Effects of salinity and sodicity on soil properties.
To study the effects of salinitysodicity on bacterial population and enzyme activities, soil samples were collected from the. Salinity and sodicity can affect soil chemical, physical and hydraulic properties. Evaluation of salinization and sodification in irrigated areas with. Injudicious use of poor quality ground waters in many arid and semiarid regions for irrigation leads to the buildup of salinity andor sodicity in soil and deterioration of soil health because. Salinity is a measure of the concentration of the soluble salts contained in the soil. A bed and ridge method of planting trees in auger holes made mechanically with a tractoroperated auger, and for storage of rain water in sodic soils. Differentiating soil salinity versus soil sodicity. Management of land, water and plants to reduce accumulations of salts andor sodium on the soil surface and in the crop rooting zone.
Even though closely related and having many characteristics in common, soil salinity and sodicity are two different problems, which should be dealt with differently. An esp of six has been considered to be the lower limit of the. Merged data showing change in ec of runoff from toohey 2 and redlands 2. However, the management options are determined by complex factors such as soil type and condition, water quality. Salinity and sodicity effects on respiration and microbial. Recognize properties of saline, sodic and salinesodic soils.
Salinity and sodicity management land resources and. Salinity and sodicity of soils is mainly caused by inorganic soluble salts 75 salinity also affects soil productivity by changing osmotic pressure at the root zone due to high salt content. A soil with an esp greater than 6 is generally regarded as being a sodic soil in australia northcote and skene, 1972. Sodicity is a measure of the exchangeable sodium in relation to other exchangeable cations in soil and is expressed as the exchangeable sodium percentage esp. Influence of varying degree of salinitysodicity stress on enzyme. An understanding of the effects of salinity and sodicity on soil carbon c stocks and fluxes is critical in environmental management, as the areal extents of salinity and sodicity are predicted to increase.
Salinity is the presence of soluble salts in the soil solution. The main factors that control the sodicity and salinity problems are maintenance of sufficient leaching and avoidance of soil structure degradation due to sodicity. These salts are free to move in the soil water and can be readily taken up by. To determine the effect of salinity and sodicity of municipal wastewater as irrigation. Plantparasitic nematodes and food security in subsaharan africa. Claudiuscole, solveig haukeland, nessie luambano, herbert.
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